[Survey of optimal methods for the control of cockroaches in sewers of Qom city]

Domestic sewers and wastewater treatment plants are suitable places for the growth of some types of Cockroaches. Annually the water and wastewater company of Qom city make considerable attempts to overwhelm the problem. The current study is aimed to determine types of Cockroaches and select the optimal methods for their control. In this study, 120 manholes are selected in different locations of Qom city, the numbers of Cockroaches are counted and the Cockroaches are classified into different groups. Then, each group are faced to different insecticides Including Simperator, Diazinon, Dursban Ec, Faikam, Sipermetrin, Icon, Deltametrina and Sulfac. One group of manholes was considered as blank sample during one month. Counting and determination of Cockroaches in these manholes conducted before using insecticides and also five months after it. the study showed that all sewers were 100% polluted by Cockroaches. The number of Cockroaches in manholes range from minimum 4 to maximum 3600 in each manhole. The applied of insecticides including Dursban Ec, Simperator, Sulfac, Dursban, and Deltametrina are used 2 gr in 100 square meter of area of each sewer. The Cockroaches population reduced to approximately zero after application of these insecticides. Spraying sewers by Simperator controlled 100% of Cockroaches. the most effective method for the control of Cockroaches was usage of 2 gr of Dursban [Ec] in squaremeter of area in the beginning of warmseason.If we use 1-1/5months interval between the time of spraying insecticide in selected wells, with using simperator and dursban [Ec] we can overwhelm Cockroaches using Simperator and Dursban Ec. The results of statistical analysis show that reduction of number of coackroaches in one month after using poison is significant [P-value<0.05]. But after 5months it lose meaningful in all of them.Also, reduction of number of coackroaches in blank manholes was not statistically significant

Survey of peanut fungal contamination and its relationship with ambient conditions in the Bazar of Zanjan

Different food products such as corn, wheat and peanut have shown high potential to be contaminated in suitable environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity. Some fungi can produce toxins, like Aflatoxin, and some of them are carcinogen. The purpose of this research was to study fungal contamination in peanuts being sold in the BAZAR of the city of Zanjan. 20 samples of 50g roasted and salted peanuts and 16 samples of 50g unsalted peanuts [pure] were collected from Zanjan Bazar. Ambient conditions such as light intensity, temperature and air flow of the BAZAR and also the relative humidity of peanuts were measured. Samples were analyzed for fungal colony and were identified using slide culture technique. Results showed that Mold fungi were dominant among the colonies as. Aspergillus flavus [39.1%], Penicillium [9.2%], Rhizopus [7.2%], Mucor [2.5%], Alternaria [1.03%] and Nigrospora [0.5%]. Temperature and the samples relative humidity were higher than the standard range. The results indicated a significant relation between relative humidity, light intensity, temperature and peanuts' type [pure or salted] with level of fungal contamination. Also, roasting and processing reduced the relative humidity of peanuts and the level of contamination. Hence roasting, salting and provision of appropriate ambient conditions can be useful to peanut storage

[Survey of bacteriological quality of the drinking water in rural areas of Saqqez city]

Safe drinking water providing is one of the main purposes in the community. Development and improvement of community is related to the public health. In this study we studied the bacteriological quality of 116 villages under coverage of the water and wastewater companies in rural areas of Saqqez in.1386 Material and Drinking water of these rural areas have provided of deep, semi-depth- wells and spring water sources. Because in numerous rural areas both sources of drinking water and in some of them different sources of drinking water were used [old and new storage water source], in general, 359 samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory for testing to evaluate its quality. We also used linear Regression statistical analysis for collected data. results show that residual chlorine in drinking water in 33.88 percent of rural areas population were in range 0.2-1 mg/l. For 98.3 percent of the seqqez rural population, the turbidity was lower than the maximum permissible levels of drinking water standards of Iran [5 NTU]. There was no any E.coli contamination in 88 percent of drinking water in saqqez rural areas. Based on WHO guidelines concerning the microbial quality of water published in 2006 the average indicator for lack of E.coli in water of rural areas of seqqez was 88 percent and water is safe or good for drinking

Corrosion and scaling potentiality of shiraz drinking water

Corrosion is one of the most complex and costiy problems related to drinking water. Corrosion can affect the public health, acceptability of the drinking water source and supplying costs. The aim of this study was to determine the corrosion potentiality of drinking water in Shiraz city in 2007- 2008 through corrosion and stability index [Langlier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Aggressiveness Index and Pockurius Scaling Index]. The results indicate the mean and standard deviation for temperature, pH, and pHs were equal to 22.84 and 2.93 °C, 7.69 and 0.28, and 6.83 and 0.24 respectively. Also the mean and standard deviation of total suspended solid [TDS], calcium hardness, and total alkalinity was equal to 656.8 and 190.9, 465.37 and 121, and 271.6 and 67 respectively. Also Langlier Saturation Index was equal to 0.86 and 0.23, respectively and for Ryznar Stability Index [RSI] was equal 5.95 and 0.36, respectively. Obtained results showed that the mean and standard deviation for Aggressiveness Index [AI] and Pockurius Scaling Index [PSI] was equal to 10.54 and 0.23, and 8.06 and 0.15, respectively. By studying the corrosion indexes it was found that most of these indexes in Shiraz drinking water have scaling potentiality and only in a few instances station have corrosion potentiality